Verbatim might be one of the best known manufacturers of optical discs, but besides optical discs, Verbatim also works on portable hard drives. We’ve seen portable hard drives from Verbatim before, but today Verbatim has another portable hard drive to offer so let’s check it out.
Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP) is any of a family of methodologies, communication protocols, and transmission technologies for delivery ofvoice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms frequently encountered and often used synonymously with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone.
Internet telephony refers to communications services — voice, fax, SMS, and/or voice-messaging applications — that are transported via the Internet, rather than the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The steps involved in originating an VoIP telephone call are signaling and media channel setup, digitization of the analog voice signal, optionally compression, packetization, and transmission as Internet Protocol (IP) packets over a packet-switched network. On the receiving side similar steps reproduce the original voice stream.
VoIP systems employ session control protocols to control the set-up and tear-down of calls as well as audio codecs which encode speech allowing transmission over an IP network as digital audio via an audio stream. The codec used is varied between different implementations of VoIP (and often a range of codecs are used); some implementations rely on narrowband and compressed speech, while others support high fidelitystereo codecs.
1G (or 1-G) refers to the first-generation of wirelesstelephonetechnology, mobiletelecommunications. These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2Gdigital telecommunications. The main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.
Although both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to digital signals in 2G whereas 1G is only modulated to higher frequency, typically 150 MHz and up.
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wirelesstelephonetechnology. Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on theGSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja[1] (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991. Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone conversations were digitally encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
After 2G was launched, the previous mobile telephone systems were retrospectively dubbed 1G. While radio signals on 1G networks are analog, and on 2G networks are digital, both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system.
2G has been superseded by newer technologies such as 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, and 4G; however, 2G networks are still used in many parts of the world.
5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is a name used in some research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the upcoming 4G standards (expected to be finalized between approximately 2011 and 2013). Currently, 5G is not a term officially used for any particular specification or in any official document yet made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies such as3GPP, WiMAX Forum or ITU-R. New 3GPP standard releases beyond 4G and LTE Advanced are in progress, but not considered as new mobile generations.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of standards. A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based solution where facilities such as ultra-broadband (giga-bit speed such as 100+ MiB/s) Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.
Pre-4G technologies such as mobile WiMAX and first-release 3G Long term evolution (LTE) have been available on the market since 2006[1] and 2009[2][3][4]respectively, and are often branded as 4G. Current versions of these technologies do not fulfill the ITU-R requirements of data rates approximately up to 1 Gbit/s for 4G systems.
"Third generation" redirects here. For third-generation immigrants, see Immigrant generations.
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT—2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones andmobile telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication Union.[1] Application services include wide-area wireless voicetelephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment. Compared to the older 2G and 2.5G standards, a 3G system must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services, and provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s according to the IMT-2000 specification. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to laptop computers and smartphones.
The following standards are typically branded 3G:
the UMTS system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily in Europe, Japan, China (however with a different radio interface) and other regions predominated by GSM2G system infrastructure. The cell phones are typically UMTS and GSM hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing the same infrastructure:
The original and most widespread radio interface is called W-CDMA.
The TD-SCDMA radio interface, was commercialised in 2009 and is only offered in China.
The latest UMTS release, HSPA+, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.
the CDMA2000 system, first offered in 2002, standardized by 3GPP2, used especially in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the IS-952G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest release EVDO Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstreams.
The above systems and radio interfaces are based on kindred spread spectrum radio transmission technology. While the GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G"), DECTcordless phones and Mobile WiMAX standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are approved as 3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded 3G, and are based on completely different technologies.
A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non backwards compatible transmission technology. The first release of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard does not completely fulfill the ITU 4G requirements called IMT-Advanced. First release LTE is not backwards compatible with 3G, but is a pre-4G or 3.9G technology, however sometimes branded "4G" by the service providers. WiMAX is another technology verging on or marketed as 4G.
Since the launch of IPhone 4G, problems appear every day. Looks like the IPhone 4G antenna problems will not be fixed with the new software. The controversy around the alleged problem of reception of the iPhone 4G took on new dimensions Monday with the publication by the famous Consumer Reports, an unfavorable opinion. Edited by an Association of American consumers, the magazine indicates that in the current state of things, they can not advise buying an iPhone 4G and invites customers lured by Apple to remain on the previous generation of devices (iPhone 3G). Resuming on the front page of the prestigious Wall Street Journal dated Tuesday the information has been many messages of discontent on the Apple forums regarding the iPhone 4G, quickly cleaned up by employees of the firm.
The iPhone 4G problem in question, highlighted right out of the camera, on memory capacity for receiving the device, compromised when the user covers his hand with the lower left corner of the new iPhone 4G, where there are dedicated antennas for wireless networks.
In an article available online, Consumer Reports said it had tested three copies of iPhone 4 in a sealed chamber to interference, provided with a station capable of emulating the behavior of standard GSM base stations, then in a real network AT & T. It shows, moreover, have led the same battery of tests on a 3G iPhone and a Palm Pre. The verdict is clear: ” It’s official. Engineers at Consumer Reports have just finished testing the iPhone 4G and they confirm that there “is a problem with reception”, the magazine wrote.
The new statement comes after Apple has blown hot and cold, claiming first iPhone 4G display an error in software and then recognized in hints the possibility of a hardware failure. Under these conditions, it is difficult for consumers to see clearly, especially as many keep in mind the very undiplomatic answer given by Steve Jobs when the iPhone 4G problem has surfaced. In essence, hold your iPhone 4G or otherwise..
More prosaically, Apple also said that the fact of using a protective case or to put any insulation (tape, rubber) at the iPhone 4G antenna will be enough to no longer feel the effects of this problem, as confirmed by tests of Consumer Reports.
If some users are defending Apple and minimize the iPhone 4G problems by explaining that in many cases it does not translate into real inconvenience in daily, some question whether, even outraged. Some of them have moved to the official forums of Apple’s history to get some more substantial explanations. Without success, since virtually all subjects relating to the findings of Consumer Reports’ have been deleted in the hours following their publication, as the stresses TUAW.
The maneuver appears more clumsy than the iPhone 4 Case is taking a new turn in the U.S., where two class actions were brought by disgruntled customers. Incriminating Apple and AT & T, they seek redress for unfair trade practice, the iPhone 4G manufacturing defects and intentional deception. Without going to such extremes, Consumer Reports severely penalizes the company: ” Apple must find a permanent solution and free before we can recommend the iPhone 4G”, says the magazine, but said it was for the remains of one of the best phones he had ever tested.
Weary, perhaps, to rework the subject, the American press began to take the bit between their teeth. At Cnet, one wonders as if Apple should not just hold a recall, while in PCWorld, it enjoys a blog for pinning, titular again the arrogance of Apple and the debacle that is this case. Others call for temperance, who like David Morgenstern on his ZDnet blog, calls the barge the following way: ” Guys, install on your iPhone 4G Bumper and move on”. Not devoid of good sense, except that the bumper in question cover offered by Apple, is not available, but charged 45 dollars…
The question is whether the controversy will eventually be felt on the sales of the iPhone 4G? With eight million subscribers across the Atlantic, Consumer Reports is published by respected, whose words were echoed by all the headlines in the mainstream press. On the other hand, the iPhone 4G has four already achieved exceptional start, with 1.7 million units sold in five countries in three days and the lure of the latest in the family seems to iPhone not contradict itself if one believes the difficulty of operators to maintain stocks.
Since the launch of IPhone 4G, problems appear every day. Looks like the IPhone 4G antenna problems will not be fixed with the new software. The controversy around the alleged problem of reception of the iPhone 4G took on new dimensions Monday with the publication by the famous Consumer Reports, an unfavorable opinion. Edited by an Association of American consumers, the magazine indicates that in the current state of things, they can not advise buying an iPhone 4G and invites customers lured by Apple to remain on the previous generation of devices (iPhone 3G). Resuming on the front page of the prestigious Wall Street Journal dated Tuesday the information has been many messages of discontent on the Apple forums regarding the iPhone 4G, quickly cleaned up by employees of the firm.